TLDR: Here's the executable. Note: you have to run it as the user nt authority\system. The easiest way is to run the command psexec -i -s -d DisableCtrlAltDelPatchWinlogon.exe in an elevated command prompt.
TDLR programmers: here's the code.
If you like to read about my process:
First, I read up the background information on Special Attention Sequences, which include Ctrl+Alt+Del (CAD). I found that 'When Winlogon encounters a SAS event or when a SAS is delivered to Winlogon by the GINA, Winlogon sets the state accordingly, changes to the Winlogon desktop, and calls one of the SAS processing functions of the GINA.' My first thoughts are, maybe I should reverse engineer the GINA, but then I found out the GINAs only exist for Windows XP and below. 'In Windows Vista, the GINA scheme has been replaced with a system of Credential Providers, which moves some of that functionality into WINLOGON itself...'
I kernel debugged my Win 7 x86 machine and broke into the context of Winlogon.exe:
kd> !process 0 0
**** NT ACTIVE PROCESS DUMP ****
…
PROCESS 8520f530 SessionId: 1 Cid: 018c Peb: 7ffd7000 ParentCid: 0158
DirBase: 197a4000 ObjectTable: 9506ead0 HandleCount: 123.
Image: winlogon.exe
…
kd> .process /i 8520f530
You need to continue execution (press 'g'
to be switched. When the debugger breaks in again, you will be in
the new process context.
kd> g
Break instruction exception - code 80000003 (first chance)
nt!RtlpBreakWithStatusInstruction:
82893d00 cc int 3
Then I placed a breakpoint on SwitchDesktop:
kd> bp user32!SwitchDesktop
kd> g
Then I triggered CAD:
Breakpoint 0 hit
USER32!SwitchDesktop:
001b:77d1476b 8bff mov edi,edi
kd> kv
ChildEBP RetAddr Args to Child
0023fcec 01002147 000000b8 0103c144 002b1ff8 USER32!SwitchDesktop (FPO: [Non-Fpo])
0023fd04 01002d04 000000b8 00000001 00000000 winlogon!ResilientSwitchDesktopWithFade+0x2a (FPO: [Non-Fpo])
0023fd60 01014387 00000000 0023fd88 00000000 winlogon!CSession::SwitchDesktop+0x1c0 (FPO: [Non-Fpo])
0023fd78 010266c8 0103c378 00000000 00000000 winlogon!WlAccessibilitySwitchDesktop+0x1b (FPO: [Non-Fpo])
0023fdd8 01028f8a 0006fd98 000003ff 0103c144 winlogon!HandleSecurityOptions+0x48 (FPO: [Non-Fpo])
0023fdec 0100222f 0006fd98 77f32ba4 000a1a90 winlogon!WLGeneric_CAD_Execute+0x5e (FPO: [Non-Fpo])
0023fe04 77ed2661 0023fe64 0006fd88 000a1a90 winlogon!StateMachineWorkerCallback+0x67 (FPO: [Non-Fpo])
0023fe28 77ef0842 0023fe64 000a1af0 77dbb0c4 ntdll!TppWorkpExecuteCallback+0x10f (FPO: [Non-Fpo])
0023ff88 77e33c45 00092250 0023ffd4 77f237f5 ntdll!TppWorkerThread+0x572 (FPO: [Non-Fpo])
0023ff94 77f237f5 00092250 77dbb098 00000000 kernel32!BaseThreadInitThunk+0xe (FPO: [Non-Fpo])
0023ffd4 77f237c8 77ef03e7 00092250 00000000 ntdll!__RtlUserThreadStart+0x70 (FPO: [Non-Fpo])
0023ffec 00000000 77ef03e7 00092250 00000000 ntdll!_RtlUserThreadStart+0x1b (FPO: [Non-Fpo])
So here's a list of all the functions I should investigate. WLGeneric_CAD_Execute turns out to be the function that I was looking for, so all I had to do is the patch the starting code in that function to get it to return immediately, and CAD has been disabled!